London Life Insurance Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

London Life Insurance Company - Assignment Example Deals and regulatory tasks of the organization were bolstered by an expert group of around 2,700 and 2,600 filling in as the deals and managerial workforce for the organization individually. The item blend of London Life Insurance Company was appropriately upgraded through including an enormous number of advantages relating to life, inability, clinical and bunch protection items with additionally presence of other retirement and sparing plans. Using the Group Insurance Plans the organization had the option to upgrade its business coordinate with the corporate customer base incorporating around 16,000 unique concerns. The administration and regulatory capacities inside the London Life Insurance Company was viably synchronized using data innovation interfacing the exercises of the various branches. Additionally, London Life Insurance Company being an individual from the Trilon Financial Corporation concern an its upgraded connection with the Royal Trust in the locale contributed being developed of its system base in increasing possible clients in the district. Vital exercises did by the organization identifying with market and item advancement alongside rebuilding the hierarchical targets added to the picking up of benefits adding up to around $ 8.5 Billion. Improved center rendered to the boundaries of customization and personalization helped the organization in turning into a market head relating to money related and protection items in Canada (London Life Insurance Company 854-855). Issue Statement The principle issue that Ralph Simon faces identifying with the salespersons relates to the disappointment in comprehension of the way toward rousing them to support and improve their business exercises relating to protection and money related items. The pay got by the individuals as far as commissions and rewards neglected to adequately recognize the new deals power and the old subsequently mirroring an absence of inspiration as far as improving the soul of the new individuals. Ralph Simon likewise countered an issue identifying with the Monthly Activity Report for the Points rendered allude more to the ‘Efficiencies’ of the people in picking up arrangements and shut and open arrangements as opposed to surveying the ‘Effectiveness’ of the people dependent on the measure of protection business sourced from the market. This element was deduced by Simon in lessening the operational adequacy of the organization for expanding the failure of the organization in increasing new leads. Simon additionally pictured the presence of an issue wherein the new deals people were required to deal with conquerable measure of remaining burdens and duties relating to the gathering of targets and increasing new contacts while the accomplished sales reps delighted in over the current contacts and different reestablishments did by the clients. This element mirrored the presence of job clashes and job equivocalness that thus contributed in d ecrease of the inspiration of the salesmen and in this way required sufficient administration mediation (London Life Insurance Company 858-859). Examination of Alternative The principal elective that can be looked for identifies with the making of an essential compensation section for the sales reps in the worry. This compensation piece can run from $20,000 to $52,000 identifying with the arrangement of new and elderly folks individuals in the business tea

Group Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gathering Dynamics - Essay Example Moreover, specific reference will be paid to the Rofle reflection model hypothesis. Inside a gathering, the individual individuals consistently associate and ceaselessly convey to accomplish a specific goal. The individuals from a gathering are associated by general amicability and consolidated powers. Mortars, Sagull and Xiao (2003) refer to that much of the time, the individuals from a specific gathering have coordinating capacities and depend on one another in a vigorous force sharing and responsibility system. As per Duffy (2010), there are various areas in a gathering dynamic that accentuate on various kinds of collaboration aptitudes. For instance, the gathering elements in a working room is distinctive here and there from that of the emergency unit because of the idea of work execution in the two zones. The two regions have diverse job group structures, time pressure, criticality, also understanding volume. Weaver et.al (2010) sees that clinical consideration and practice is verifiably a collaboration. Weaver et.al (2010) explains that various kinds of gatherings are critical to all associations; notwithstanding, these gatherings ought to watch elevated expectations of correspondence, participation and coordination. Very much planned cooperation particularly in complex help regions, for example, the activity theater is related with critical patient results like expanded patient fulfillment while lessening nursing turnover (Machary et.al 2006). Besides, Weaver et.al (2010) states that powerful cooperation is additionally connected with other positive results, for example, work fulfillment and decreased anxiety. Mosser and Begun (2013) are of the assessment that collaboration in the working auditorium makes task execution quicker on account of the fast communication of people in the working the group. Therefore, groups likewise empower the OR staff to figure out how to give top notch soci al insurance by working intimately with one another. Inside the social insurance set up, there exist four principle kinds of

Study of Lg

[pic] In fractional satisfaction Of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [pic] Submitted to: Submitted by: SWARNITA SRIVASTAVA bb Asst Professor BBA 4sem Roll no SUN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT and TECHNOLOGY 7 Km,Milestone Bareilly Road NH-24, Haji Nagla,Shahjahanpur (U. P) [pic] DECLARATIONI, ANJU MISHRA , therefore proclaim that the work titled Comparative Analysis of Employee's viewpoint towards â€Å"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LG AND VIEDOCON AIR CONDITIONERS† epitomized in this report has been done by me as a unique work. I announce that no piece of it has been submitted for any level of any establishment beforehand. Date: 30 APIRL, 2013 Acknowledgment I might want to accept this open door to offer my profound thanks to every one of the individuals who, straightforwardly or by implication made this task conceivable. I have significant assistance and backing in making this undertaking report a reality from numerous people.I might want to express gratitude toward Mr. ABHIJEET MISHRA, SIMT,SHAHJAHANPUR whose attempt for flawlessness, under fatigable enthusiasm, development and dynamism contributed in a major path in finishing this undertaking. This work is the impression of his idea, thoughts, idea or more the entirety of his unassuming exertion. Prelude This is the venture about profiling the brand character of forced air system brands. The task includes the investigation of the entire Air Conditioner advertise. In this examination we have contemplated the two of the significant players in AC that is LG, Videocon.The report incorporated the overview of the customer’s of these specific brands and afterward investigating what sort of their clients are, the brand targets which section of the clients, the customer’s age gathering, pay gathering, their training level. Indian Consumer durables advertise used to be ruled by hardly any residential players like Godrej, Samsung, Hitachi Voltas and Kalvinator. Be that as it may, post progression much remote organization have gone into Indian market deposing the Indian player and ruling Indian market the significant classes in the market AIR CONDTIONERS CONTENT 1. Presentation †¢ COMPANY PROFILE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT COMPANY †¢ OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY †¢ COLLECTION OF DATA †¢ QUESTIONNAIER 3. Information ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4. End 5. FINDING AND SUGGESSION 6. Book reference RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ? To recognize the two significant player of AC showcase and their piece of the overall industry, items and the players inside this portion. ? We Have taken the significant rivals in AC fragment as LG, Videocon, and did an inside and out examination of the equivalent on specific parameters, which will be ? characterized in the proper method of the proposition. ? To learn potential market and rivalry. Learn the purchaser inclinations and fulfillment factor ? To feature the view of the purchasers for the Air Conditioners. ? To do the brand profiling. ? T o know the character qualities, likings of the clients for singular brands. ? To know which client favor which brand. ? For what reason do they buy this brand as it were? ? How does this brand matches to their character. ? Which brand targets or is loved by the clients of which age bunch ? Which brand is reasonable by which salary gathering. ? Would the clients like to repurchase this brand? On the off chance that indeed, at that point why so. What are the qualities of the client the brand targets? Organization PROFILE OF LG History [pic] When Willis Carrier designed the main framework for â€Å"manufactured weather† in 1902, he started an industry that upset the manner by which we live, work and play. From that pivotal turning point †and through to the current day †Carrier has been an organization based on a heritage of advancement. For over a century, our examination, mastery and thinking ahead have brought about market-driving developments and â€Å"firsts† that have molded and characterized the warming, cooling and refrigeration industry.Through our history of item greatness and submitted client care, we have advanced into a worldwide organization serving a large number of individuals and organizations in 172 nations on six landmasses around the globe. [pic] Carrier India Vision: To be perceived as the pioneer in each portion we work in by ? Being ‘customer focused’ in all that we do and following ACE industriously. Conveying ‘best in class’ quality in the item just as post-retail administration. ? Being ‘environmentally conscious’ in territories of vitality proficiency and contamination. Setting up a presentation culture that regards human qualities and collaboration stay installed in our fundamental beliefs of EH&S and morals Thereby developing productively and in front of the market each year, settling on Carrier a goal of decision for all inside HVAC&R industry. LG Electronics Is on e of the main organizations in the field of hardware with a worldwide nearness in numerous nations. .Prior to preparation, I have isolated the presentation part into three primary sub parts. †¢ LG Global †¢ LG India †¢ LG Pune History of companyThe organization was initially settled in 1958 as Gold Star, delivering radios, TVs, fridges, clothes washers, and forced air systems. The LG Group was a merger of two Korean organizations, Lucky and Gold Star, from which the shortening of LG was inferred. The current â€Å"Life's good† trademark is a backronym. Before the corporate Name change to LG, family items were sold under the Brand name of Lucky, while electronic items were sold under the brand name of Gold Star. The Gold Star brand is as yet seen as a markdown brand. In 1995, Gold Star was renamed LG Electronics, and gained Zenith Electronics of the United States. pic] Global Operation LG Electronics is assuming a functioning job on the planet showcase with its confident worldwide business strategy. Accordingly, LG Electronics controls 110 neighborhood auxiliaries on the planet with around 82,000 official and representatives. LG Group †¢ LG. Philips LCD †¢ LG Chemical †¢ LG Telecom †¢ LG Powercom †¢ LG Twins †¢ LG Dacom Business zones and primary items Mobile interchanges [pic] a) CDMA Handsets, b) GSM Handsets, c) 3G Handsets, d) Cellular Phones Digital appliance[pic] an) Air Conditioners, b) Refrigerators, c) Microwave Ovens, d) Washing Machines, e) Vacuum Cleaners, f) Home Net, ) Compressors for Air Conditioners and Refrigerators Digital display[pic] a) Plasma TVs, b) LCD TVs, c) Micro Display Panel TVs, d) Monitors, e) PDP Modules, f) OLED Panels, g) USB Memory, h) Flat Panel Computer Monitors Digital media a) Home Theater Systems, b) DVD Recorders, c) Super Multi DVD Rewriters, d) CD ±RW, e) Notebook PCs, f) Desktop PCs, g) PDAs, h) PDA Phones, I) MP3 Players, j) New Karaoke Systems, [pic] Vision Global Top 3 by 2010 Global Top 3 Electronic/Telecommunication organization Growth methodology â€Å"Fast development, Fast growth† Core competency â€Å"Product administration, Market initiative, People leadership†Corporate culture No reason, â€Å"we† not â€Å"I†, Fun working environment TAG LINE â€Å"Life's Good† speaks to LG's assurance to give brilliantly savvy items that will make your life great. The LG Electronics Life's Good signature comprises of the LG logo, seal, and the trademark, â€Å"Life's Good† set in Charlotte sans typeface bended around the LG image. The bending of the motto fortifies LG's character and uniqueness. The reliable utilization of this mark unmistakably builds up the remarkable personality of the organization and binds together every division and item from LG Electronics over the globe.The Symbol The image of LG is the essence of future. The letter â€Å"L† and â€Å"G† around represents world, futur e, youth, mankind and innovation . LG reasoning depends on humankind. [pic] It additionally speaks to LG’s endeavors to keep cozy relationship with our clients around the globe. The image comprises of two components. 1. The logo in LG dark 2. The adapted picture of human face in the one of a kind LG red shading. Red shading speaks to our neighborliness and gives a solid impression of LG’s duty to convey the best. The circle represents The Globe.The adapted picture of a grinning face in the image passes on â€Å"Friendliness and Approachability†. The one eye on the image speaks to â€Å"Goal-situated, Focused and Confident†. The motto of LG is â€Å"Life’s Good†. It communicates â€Å"Brand’s Value, Promises, Benefits, Personality. The Partnership LG Electronics decides to advance concordance and assemble productively on a work the executives relationship instead of a representative boss relationship. This shows the board and laborers are not in a vertical relationship, however in an even one.This culture is essential for LG Electronics as it endeavors to get one of the world's top organizations. Such a relationship is changed into a worth creation relationship whereby the two gatherings attempt to address common issues and make new qualities together. Key union LG Electronics is making specialized advances and distinguishing business openings through different cooperative associations with a portion of the world's driving organizations. LG Electronics is endeavoring to get number one on the planet by blending in different business and mechanical fields and putting key unions with world on the map organizations. Key relationship between corporations,† In which organizations with various frameworks participate in the quick creating 21st century business field, Is of key importance as far as reinforcing the current business and making another one. [pic] LG Electronics will put forth a valiant effort to make new items and administrations with a receptive outlook, while growing new advances and business fields through different relationship with a portion of the world's best organizations. 1. 3M 2. SUN 3. Yippee 4. PHILLIPS 5. TOYOTA 6. MICROSOFT 7. HP 8. GOOGLE 9. GE 10. INTEL 11.NORTEL 12. HITACHI 13. PRADA 14. RENESAS 15. TOSHIBA 16. BESTBUY And the number follows man

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Character Analysis, Janie

Discourse is seemingly the essential wellspring of correspondence for mankind, empowering us to experience and offer existence with one other through our words. Be that as it may, we see an alternate way of life in Janie, the principle character in the book Their Eyes Were Watching God. Janie’s character advances with utilizing control of quiet to her advantage, helping her find what she has consistently attempted to have: Individuality and autonomy. The connections Janie has with her three spouses spin around three variants of quietness, while in quest for what she calls her â€Å"pear tree†, her genuine affection. Logan powers quiet from Janie which turns into an oppressor; Joe misuses Janie’s quietness and utilizations it as a controller; and Janie’s just genuine affection, Tea Cake, permits Janie to control quiet, which turns into her emancipator. In the book Their Eyes Were Watching God, quietness is show as a developing wellspring of strengthening an d personality for Janie, in that her character is formed by her discourse as well as, more significantly, by her quiet. In Janie’s excursion to get herself, she at first has restricted control of her own life, being constrained into marriage by Nanny. Babysitter needs what she feels is best for Janie, wanting for her to have security and insurance. This marriage gives the ideal arrangement in Nanny’s eyes; Nanny guarantees Janie that all will work out in a good way for her marriage despite the fact that it may not appear to be so at that point. Janie hesitantly concurs, yet before long understands that Logan doesn't have her wellbeing on the most fundamental level, making her rapidly feel sick of him. Not long after Nanny’s demise, the peruser sees Logan change completely. He orders Janie by bossing her around, anticipating that her should do whatever he requests of her. With Janie being a kid, she is fairly defenseless to protect herself ... ...of affection the peruser sees from Tea Cake is his saving Janie from the canine assault. This disentangles the puzzle, uncovering that Tea Cake does truly cherish Janie; he is her pear bloom on her pear tree. Hurston effectively utilizes discourse and quietness to make a captivating anecdote about a young lady who grows up to discover her independence and at long last, her pear bloom. Logan, Joe, and Tea Cake all have a basic influence in Janie turning into the solid, free lady she is, at last permitting her to break the chain of misuse endured by her mom and grandma. Quietness is the obstruction in Janie’s life that she suffers; through the affliction, Janie rises to respect the battles throughout her life, changed into a lady who is excellent, developed, and solid. Janie is remunerated with harmony and bliss that her life presently offers, with the pear tree that is always hers to grasp.

Advice for Seniors

Advice for Seniors I have been back from my fall travel rounds for almost a week now. This year, I travelled to sunny Southern California. I visited high schools, met with students and parents, and just spread the good word about MIT. I spent eight days travelling as far north as Malibu and as far south as San Diego all the while attempting to hit as many points in between. My trip was a lot of fun! I saw the Pacific Ocean…… ….got lost on my way to Hollywood, but found Christopher Columbus, who pointed me in the right direction….. ……eventually found the Hollywood Walk of Fame and saw the stars of some of my favorite actors….. He graduated from my alma mater Morehouse College. FYI That is my shoe on the right ….and even ate some strange fruit (Do you know what this is? No, it is not a lime. However, it does taste like an orange!) I had a blast in California, but it is good to be back home in Cambridge. I got a warm welcome at the MIT Book Fair from an old friend. Nevertheless, while I was on the road, there were a number of really interesting questions that I thought could be helpful to my nervous prospective student friends on the blogs. So with no further ado….the questions! Q: I am really nervous about applying to MIT. Do you have any last minute suggestions for me? A: I know that the application process can be really nerve racking. So here is the best that I have to offer 1. Take a DEEP BREATH…..In fact, take a few This year you will have to multitask like never before. You have Honors AP courses to manage, extracurricular activities to lead, jobs to work, family responsibilities to juggle, prom preperations, and on top of ALL of THAT, you are applying to college. Whewww….That makes me tired just THINKING about that list. In order to not go absolutely crazy, you will want to make sure that you have a solid plan in place to get everything done on time. But even before you begin to devise your plan, you need to take a DEEP BREATH and know that you CAN and WILL be okay. So breathe deep and have full confidence that your senior year will be challenging, but oh so worthwhile and enjoyable once you are accepted to colleges and have the opportunity to select which school you would like to attend in a couple of months. 2. Schedule your MIT interview!!! With everything going on, don’t forget to schedule your MIT interview! The interview is a great opportunity to connect with an MIT alum (Who we call Educational Counselors or ECs for short), share more information about who you really are as a person, and learn some new information about MIT from someone who has actually graduated from the school that you would love to attend. Our ECs are the BEST ever (and I’m not just saying that because they buy me delicious dinners every now and then). Our ECs come from all over the world, have had really interesting and diverse careers, and are (most importantly) really nice people who want to talk to students just like YOU!!! In sum, help me to help you, make sure to schedule your interview!!! 3. Pay attention to your grades Don’t forget the reason for the season. This is the college application season, and academics are the primary reason that you will be attending college. With that said, you’ve GOT to keep your grades up senior year. Sometimes seniors think that they can slack off since thee college applications are already submitted and in the evaluation process…… NEWSFLASH -THIS JUST IN Sometimes MIT will call your guidance counselors, teachers, or other references you have submitted to ask further questions about academic progress. You don’t necessarily have to be getting straight As in all of your classes (but if you ARE, that is great!), but you ABSOLUTELY should be giving your very best effort and working hard to do your best in school. 4. Take time to enjoy your senior year (I know that you have a lot to do this year, but you have to stop to smell the roses). Go to the homecoming game (or parade). Audition for a role in the school play. Tell your favorite teacher “thanks” for being such a great instructor. Take a friend to one of the school dances. And don’t forget to make it to prom. Take lots of pictures, smile, and know that your future will open a whole new set of opportunities for you. 5. My last piece of advice comes from the wise folks at Corona del Mar High School in Newport Beach, California. Shout out to all of the students, administrators, ECs, and fun people who I met out there. These are indeed, words to live by.

Human Sexuallity Essay - 275 Words

Human Sexuallity (Essay Sample) Content: Human sexualityAuthorInstitution14th Oct 2015Human SexualityThe Global Gag Rule was first implemented from 1985 to the year 1993. Non-governmental organizations received funds to facilitate educating and informing the public of the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s intentions of making safe abortion services. The government, besides making safe abortion services open to the public, also had plans for providing legal abortion services and moreover offered advice on where to get access to the abortion services. The Global Gag Rule was therefore enacted to ensure that the non-governmental organization that received U.S funds did not gain access to non-U.S funds to facilitate the education programs. Also, the policy also allowed for exemptions in the cases of rape, incest and the life of the mother but nor for womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s physical or mental health.On January 23, 2009, President Obama repealed the provision. The presidentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ speech and words called for a new approach t o family planning. The need for a new approach to family planning would end the politicization of womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s health around the world.Evidence exists showing that the Global Gag Rule restricts an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s right to speech and the right to make profound health decisions, from the documentation and analysis of the policy. Also, the system has also been labeled as a policy that denies poor women the access to family pl... Human Sexuallity Essay - 275 Words Human Sexuallity (Essay Sample) Content: Human sexualityAuthorInstitution14th Oct 2015Human SexualityThe Global Gag Rule was first implemented from 1985 to the year 1993. Non-governmental organizations received funds to facilitate educating and informing the public of the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s intentions of making safe abortion services. The government, besides making safe abortion services open to the public, also had plans for providing legal abortion services and moreover offered advice on where to get access to the abortion services. The Global Gag Rule was therefore enacted to ensure that the non-governmental organization that received U.S funds did not gain access to non-U.S funds to facilitate the education programs. Also, the policy also allowed for exemptions in the cases of rape, incest and the life of the mother but nor for womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s physical or mental health.On January 23, 2009, President Obama repealed the provision. The presidentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ speech and words called for a new approach t o family planning. The need for a new approach to family planning would end the politicization of womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s health around the world.Evidence exists showing that the Global Gag Rule restricts an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s right to speech and the right to make profound health decisions, from the documentation and analysis of the policy. Also, the system has also been labeled as a policy that denies poor women the access to family pl...

The Spiritual Exercises Dean Brackley Joins A Long...

How can we tell how best to dedicate our lives to the common good in the modern age? In The Call to Discernment in Troubled Times, Dean Brackley joins a long tradition of interpretation of the writings of Saint Ignatius Loyola. Considering the Spiritual Exercises as the starting point for his model, Brackley seeks to recover the place of direct, supernatural, divine influence, particularly by the Holy Spirit, on the discernment of the believer. The spiritual challenges faced by followers of the Exercises have evolved in recent times, as has the Church’s recognition of existing challenges. In the spirit of The Second Vatican Council, he expands the interpretation to account for the experiences of both powerful and marginalized in an ever rushing world, always seeking to get ahead. Rather understandably, Christianity has tended to focus primarily on the Jesus Christ, titular savior and most concretely comprehendible of God’s Persons, though dogma of the Trinity names two other Persons, of whom the Father is at least given credit as Creator and Sustainer, while the Holy Spirit has traditionally been assigned only an ancillary role, occasionally intervening to guide the Curia. In fact, the Holy Spirit, offered freely as the Paraclete to all men and women, regardless of merit is quite possibly the most active of the three in the inner lives of all seekers of truth today. It is His guidance we seek and find in the discernment process. In offering his new interpretation of

9 Worksheets on Simplifying Fractions for 6th Graders

A report on the Factors of Foreign Direct Investment in India - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1162 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Natural and imposed locational characteristics of a country can have a major influence on a firms decision to invest in the country. A countrys attractiveness factor can vary from one company to another based on organizational context. Each firm may decide on a countrys attractiveness as a possible investment site according to criteria specific to the firm. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A report on the Factors of Foreign Direct Investment in India" essay for you Create order Location characteristics of a country can have a major influence on a firms decision to invest in the country. Major factors that may influence FDI attractiveness of a country are Economic/Financial Factors: The countrys GDP growth rate; Conditions for FDI resulting from the countrys economic policies; Infrastructure facilities; Economic incentives for FDI; Stability of its currency; Expected returns on investment. Political/Legal Factors: Political stability; Integrity of its legal system; Ease of protecting intellectual property rights in the country. Cultural Factors Cultural similarity of the country to a firms home country. Market Factors: Current market size; Expected market growth rate; Proximity to other countries to facilitate exports from the FDI venture. Resource Factors: Availability of skilled workers; Lower labor costs (after including the effect of labor productivity); Availability of competent management st aff; Availability of raw materials. Factors relating to IJV Formation: Ease in finding suitable IJV partners; Trustworthiness of IJV partners in maintaining long-term relationship. Different Types of FDI by direction Inward: Inward foreign direct investment is a particular form of inward investment when foreign capital is invested in local resources. Inward FDI is encouraged by: Tax breaks, subsidies, low interest loans, grants, lifting of certain restrict ions. The thought is that the long term gain is worth more than the short term loss of income. Inward FDI is primarily restricted by ownership restraints Outward: Outward foreign direct investment, sometimes called direct investment abroad, is when local capital is invested in foreign resources. Outward FDI is encouraged by: Government-backed insurance to cover risk. Outward FDI is restricted by: Tax incentives or disincentives on firms that invest outside of the home country or on repatriated profits Why has Foreign Investment increased manifold in India International investment levels have exploded in recent decades. These increases in the flows of foreign investment have themselves marked a new and distinct phenomenon in the era of globalization. Several factors like Technology, the thirst for high profits by capitalists, end of the cold war and Financial liberalization have played critical role in increasing the foreign investment in the past decade. SHARE OF TOP INVESTING COUNTRIES FDI EQUITY INFLOWS (Financial year): Amount Rupees in crores (US$ in million) Ranks Country 2008-09 (April- March) 2009-10 (April- March) 2010-11 ( April- May) Cumulative Inflows (April 00 May 10) %age to total Inflows (in terms of US $) 1. MAURITIUS 50,794 (11,208) 49,633 (10,376) 5,854 (1,294) 216,760 (48,534) 42 % 2. SINGAPORE 15,727 (3,454) 11,295 (2,379) 3,856 (854) 49,002 (11,044) 10 % 3. U.S.A. 8,002 (1,802) 9,230 (1,943) 802 (178) 37,991 (8,456) 7 % 4. U.K. 3,840 (864) 3,094 (657) 507 (112) 26,505 (5,996) 5 % 5. NETHERLANDS 3,922 (883) 4,283 (899) 1,358 (298) 21,483 (4,785) 4 % 6. JAPAN 1,889 (405) 5,670 (1,183) 1,647 (369) 18,542 (4,083) 4 % 7. CYPRUS 5,983 (1,287) 7,728 (1,623) 237 (53) 18,014 (3,952) 4 % 8. GERMANY 2,750 (629) 2,980 (626) 136 (30) 12,604 (2,829) 2 % 9. FRANCE 2,098 (467) 1,437 (303) 284 (63) 7,203 (1,593) 1 % 10. U.A.E. 1,133 (257) 3,017 (629) 46 (10) 7,069 (1,559) 1 % TOTAL FDI INFLOWS * 123,025 (27,331) 123,378 (25,888) 19,989 (4,427) 536,492 (120,155) Note: (i) *Includes inflows under NRI Schemes of RBI, stock swapped and advances pending for issue of shares. (ii) Cumulative country-wise FDI equity inflows (from April 2000 to May 2010) Annex-A. (iii) %age worked out in US$ terms FDI inflows received through FIPB/SIA+ RBIs Automatic Route+ acquisition of existing shares only. SECTORS ATTRACTING HIGHEST FDI EQUITY INFLOWS: Amount Rupees in crores (US$ in million) Ranks Sector 2008-09 (April-March) 2009-10 (April-March) 2010-11 ( April- May) Cumulative Inflows (April 00 May 10) % age to total Inflows (In terms of US$) 1. SERVICES SECTOR (financial non-financial) 28,411 (6,116) 20,958 (4,392) 2,643 (587) 108,054 (24,227) 21 % 2. COMPUTER SOFTWARE HARDWARE 7,329 (1,677) 4,350 (919) 1,333 (296) 45,179 (10,168) 9 % 3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS (radio paging, cellular mobile, basic telephone services) 11,727 (2,558) 12,338 (2,554) 4,023 (891) 44,729 (9,821) 9 % 4. HOUSING REAL ESTATE 12,621 (2,801) 13,586 (2,844) 738 (163) 38,107 (8,519) 7 % 5. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (including roads highways) 8,792 (2,028) 13,544 (2,868) 594 (132) 36,316 (8,191) 7 % 6. POWER 4,382 (985) 6,908 (1,437) 1,416 (313) 22,335 (4,940) 4 % 7. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 5,212 (1,152) 5,609 (1,177) 222 (50) 20,898 (4,615) 4 % 8. METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES 4,157 (961) 1,935 (407) 2,101 (461) 15,541 (3,591) 3 % 9. PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS 1,931 (412) 1,328 (272) 757 (169) 12,261 (2,834) 2 % 10. CHEMICALS (other than fertilizers) 3,427 (749) 1,707 (362) 175 (39) 11,449 (2,535) 2 % Factors influencing foreign investment decisions It is important to understand the other factors that influence where and why companies decide to invest overseas. These other factors relate not only to the overall economic outlook for a country, but also to economic policy decisions taken by foreign governments -aspects that can be very political and controversial. Direct investors tend to look at a number of factors relating to how they will be able to operate in a foreign country: the rules and regulations pertaining to the entry and operations of foreign investors standards of treatment of foreign affiliates, compared to nationals of the host country the functioning and efficiency of local markets trade policy and privatization policy business facilitation measures, such as investment promotion, incentives, improvements in amenities and other measures to reduce the cost of doing business. For example, some countries set up special export processing zones, which may be free of customs or duties, or offer special tax breaks for new investors restrictions, if any, on bringing home (re-patriating) earnings or profits in the form of dividends, royalties, interest, or other payments How foreign companies enter India A business presence in India may be established by a foreign entity through: Incorporating an Indian company with 100% foreign equity, operating as a wholly owned subsidiary; Incorporating a Joint V enture Company (JV C) with an Indian partner and/or with the general public and operating as a listed company; or Incorporating a JVC with an Indian partner and operating as an unlisted company. Branch Office A branch would mean an establishment carrying on substantially the same activity as its Head Office. Foreign companies intending to open a Branch Office (BO) in India need to obtain prior permission of RBI which would encompass even approval to the scope of activities that are intended to be carried out in India. Liaison Office A Liaison Office (LO) is in the nature of a representative office set up primarily to explore and understand the business and investment climate. A LO is not permitted to undertake any commercial / trading / industrial activity, directly or in directly, and is required to maintain itself out of inward remittances received from abroad through normal banking channels. Project Office Foreign companies can establish Project Offices (POs ) in India specifically for the purpose of execution of specific projects. A PO is similar to a branch office opened for the limited purpose of executing a particular contract. Conclusion India has liberalized foreign investment regulations in key sectors, opening up commodity exchanges, credit information services and aircraft maintenance operations. The foreign investment limit in Public Sector Units (PSU) refineries has been raised from 26% to 49%. An additional good point is that the mandatory disinvestment clause within five years has been done away with. Increasing foreign investment can be used as a measure of growing economic globalization. Foreign Direct Investment is generally preferred to Foreign Portfolio Investment, commonly referred to as Foreign Institutional Investment since FDI is expected to be long term whereas FII are viewed as good weather friends who would exit the country during the time of trouble. Moreover, along with financial investment, FDI brings access to modern technologies and export markets. On the other hand, FII also allows entrepreneurs to get access to huge amounts of capital but these flows of port folio can reverse at any time and has a tendency to flow towards globally competitive sectors of the economy.

Animal Farm By George Orwell - 890 Words

The question, â€Å"Who is at fault?† is one asked many times throughout history. It can be put into many scenarios, like this one, where it is questioned whether the pigs or the animals are at fault for the dystopian characteristics on Animal Farm. Animal Farm by George Orwell is a political satire of Communist Russia, the pigs acting as the government and the animals acting as the citizens. The pigs pushed the animals into following them using fear, force, and made-up statistics, and also by telling them that if they didn’t do as they say, Jones or Snowball would return. Also, the sheep were manipulated to constantly bleat â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad!† (Orwell 29) whenever the other animals were in doubt. Finally, the pigs used the faith†¦show more content†¦The animals had no other way to get information, so they believed every word that came out of Squealer’s mouth. Even when the animals noticed that the truck that took Boxer away had t he words, â€Å"Alfred Simmons: Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon† (Orwell 101) on it, Squealer worded his way out of that tricky situation by telling them that the van had previously belonged to a horse slaughterer but now belonged to a vet. Squealer would even tell the animals that if they did not believe and follow what he was telling them, they were traitors. This is one of the reasons why Napoleon’s Show Trials had so many deaths. It was not the animal’s fault for believing Squealer because they had no other source, but in fact Squealer’s, or even all of the pigs fault for not giving them another source to get news from. The phrase, â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad!† (Orwell 29) is heard many times throughout the novel, and usually is being bleated by the sheep when heard. The expression, once meaning that all animals were good, but humans were not, gradually lost its meaning after it being repeated so many times. Napoleon and t he pigs manipulated the animals by having the sheep repetitively cry out the phrase whenever the animals would doubt the pigs. When Napoleon sicced the dogs upon Snowball, the animals were confused and troubled about what had just happened. But then they began, â€Å"Then the sheep broke out into a tremendous bleating of â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad!†

Speak Response to Literature Free Essays

â€Å"It is easier not to say anything. Shut your trap, button your lip; can it. All that crap you hear on TV about communication and expressing feelings is a lie. We will write a custom essay sample on Speak Response to Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nobody really wants to hear what you have to say. † (Speak. Pg. 9, Paragraph 4. ) Everyone at some point in their lives have felt that terrifying feeling of dejection, sorrow, anger, frustration and pain. Whether it is an action done by one or an action done by others, there is always the fear of being judged, to which people decide it is best if they don’t talk their problems with others. Melinda used to be a serene, sweet loving girl that loved to play sports and had a good relationship with her parents and friends, but suddenly, as she started her first high school year, she skips days of school, drop her grades and feels completely empty. The tones of fear and relief in Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson reflect an inner growth presented by the main character when she overcomes the challenging and devastating condition of being sexually abused. The foreshadowing presented several times in the story reinforces the mystery and the intrigue in the reader as it discovers and resolves the conflict and causes of it. In the beginning of the book, Melinda expresses what she has â€Å"been dreading†; she is the â€Å"Outcast† and the only person â€Å"in the entire galaxy [she is] dying to tell what really happened† (Pg. 3, Paragraph 3; Pg. 4, Paragraph 2. ) and whom she trusted all her life, Rachelle, Melinda’s best friend until 8th grade, hates her to death. For this reason the reader can infer that something inconveniently awful occurred since there is a very sudden shift in their friendship that caused not only their total isolation, but also, feelings of anger and resentment. The author does this to emphasize a sense of interest, charm and curiosity as a hook to capture the reader’s attention from the beginning to build up the plot in the story. Equally, later on in the book, there is a shocking event when Melinda gets trapped with Andy Evans in the janitor’s office; she was about to â€Å"wet [her] pants† as Andy lividly â€Å"cracks his knuckles† and â€Å"stares at [her] without talking. (Pg. 193, Paragraph 3. ) As Melinda gets corned face to face with her biggest fear, the reader feels anxious wondering whether he is going to rape her again or is Melinda going to stand up for herself, be courageous and take revenge from that pervert selfish man. The author does this to built suspense in the reader as i t gets to the ending resolution of the book’s plot; this anxiety is built up by giving small clues that indicate certain actions. For this reason the reader is able to get the traumatic feelings of terror and affliction from a likely experience. The symbolism behind the abandoned janitor’s office in Speak, conveys the reader of the powerful conflict of man versus self. In a moment of trouble, Melinda discovers the inactive and decrepit janitor’s office and she describes it as an â€Å"abandoned [place] – [with] no purpose, no name† and finds is it appropriate for her. (Pg. 25, Paragraph 4. ) The closet represents isolation from the rest of the school as well as it provides her with a place of self-reflection and tranquil safety. The author does this to emphasize Melinda’s affliction and her insecurity, hiding from people and not expressing her feelings to others. Consequently, the Secret Annex was a place for protection and avoiding any type of harm during the World War II in which Anne Frank and her family lived for a very long time. Furthermore, in the end of the story, Melinda is packing her stuff from the closet when suddenly, â€Å"some body slams into [her] chest and nocks [her] back into† it (Pg. 193, Paragraph 3. ); she trapped with Andy Evans, the beast that hurt her once and came to do it once more. As they were fighting, Melinda breaks the mirror hanging form the wall and â€Å"wrap [her] fingers around a triangle of glass†; she holds it into Andy Evans neck â€Å"hard enough to raise one drop of blood†. Immediately, â€Å"his lips are paralyzed† and â€Å" cannot speak†. Melinda added, â€Å"I said no† (Pg. 195, Paragraph 2. ). The closet reflects the place of self-transformation as she becomes courageous and gains control of the situation to fight for herself. The author does this to demonstrate the rewarding satisfaction of fighting over the problems and the huge change that involved courage and maturity. Melinda is able to defeat her biggest fear by growing up, having confidence in herself just like an invincible hero. The first person point of view gives the reader a personal-hand experience of the struggle the protagonist experience as she overcomes her condition. After confronting the truth about what happened that night in a TV show, she feels extremely sick, devastated and confesses, â€Å"My head is killing me, my throat is killing me, my stomach bubbles with toxic waste. (†¦) A coma would be nice. †¦) Anything just to get rid of this, these thoughts, whispers in my mind. Did he rape my head too? † (Pg. 165, Paragraph 2. ) When the character starts reflecting about what happened, she feels fearful and uncertain. The author does this to help the reader understand a personal experience by getting inside her head, which is the only place where Melinda expresses without restrictions or concerns of being judged by her parents, friends and society. In the last pages of the story, Melinda makes a self-reflection in which she says, â€Å"IT happened. There is no avoiding it, no forgetting. No running away, or flying, or burying, or hiding. (†¦) It wasn’t my fault. He hurt me. It wasn’t my fault. And I’m not going to let it kill me. I can grow. † (Pg. 198, Paragraph 1. ) As Melinda cogitates on the events that occurred that night, she has a drastic transformation from her mature beliefs compared to her callow, insecure ones. The author uses this point of view to emphasize the emotional and personal growth of the protagonist by becoming courageous and confronting her fear. This perspective is intended so the reader can feel empathy and understanding as it becomes aware of the main character’s personal opinions. Melinda’s challenge reinforces life’s most challenging task, growing up. Being in such a traumatic age of 14 to 16, it is very hard to deal with these types of situations that are ordinary in our society but are often excluded from conversations; however Melinda’s actions should endure as being a raw model to other people that have experienced the same abuse. Society should protect and look after everyone involved in any abuse, instead, of being so close-minded and judgmental. Furthermore, in order for these abuses to stop, people should gain courage to defend themselves by denouncing their acts; the society around them should not let these misdoings be forgotten with neglect. Bibliography Halse Anderson, Laurie. Speak. New York: Penguin Group, 2009. Print. How to cite Speak Response to Literature, Essay examples

Business Law Goods and Services

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Goods and Services. Answer: Introduction: Procurement of goods and services through tender process is common among the private organizations and government agencies that involve compliance of legal regulations under Australian Common Law. Tender processing refers to the process of invitation before entering to a contract for the purpose of satisfying the participation conditions in terms of request documentations and tenders. Further, the contractual rights between the supplier and buyers cannot be established unless the respective tender is accepted which requires to be processed as per law and court orders (Karl 2015). In the given situation, Millennia University called for tenders for the supply of green seed stating the closing date June 01. Accordingly, three suppliers submitted the tenders that involve Greenland, Enviro and Plant Forever as per the relevant dates. Greenland submitted the tender as hand delivery on 29 May that was deposited into the tender box whereas Enviro submitted the tender on 15 May, which was received by the University on 17 May and filed by the administrative instead of submitting in the tender box. Additionally, Plant Forever submitted the tender on 30 May that was received by the University on 2 June and deposited into the tender box. Out of three tenders, only two tenders considered by the administrative officials while the tender of Enviro was not considered even though it was lowest because the concerned administrative forgot its filing source. Further, University confirmed the tender of Plant Forever even though it was submitted after the closing date, confirmation of which was not received by the organization as it was destroyed by a postal worker. Considering the legal regulations under Australian Common Law, contractual right between the traders can be formed after the confirmation and acceptance of tender. It can be said that the process of tender precedes the contractual relationship purpose of which is to provide invitation. As per the decision in the case of Pratt Contractors Ltd v Palmerston North City Council (4) tender process is generated to request for bids by the suppliers that is considered as invitation and cannot raise any contractual obligations. Moreover, the processing of tender should be undertaken as per the terms and conditions with respect to the submission date, closing date, bidding limits or accompany of documents (Distinto, dAquin and Motta 2016). It is essential to submit the tender invitations as on the closing date as well as stating the biding price in fair and transparent manner while the purchaser is expected to be a public body. Accordingly, in the given situation it has been observed that Greenland supplier complied the requirements of terms and conditions for submission of tender process. On the contrary, Plant Forever submitted its tender after the closing date, which cannot be validate as per the regulations of Australian Common Law. In case of Enviro supplier, tender was submitted before the opening date and hence was lost in filing due to the administration negligence. According to the decided case of Hughes Aircraft Systems International v Air services Australia (1997) it has been stated that the tender process cannot be established since it breached the requirements of submission. Similarly, tender of Enviro cannot be considered since the actual tender process has been lost by the administration due to its submission before the opening date. Further, the tender process submitted by Plant Forever cannot be considered since it was deposited after the closing date and as per Australian Common Law, submi ssion of tender after closing date cannot form legal existence (Woerner and Wixom 2015). Therefore, tender submitted by Greenland can only be established as per the legal requirements under common law since it complied all the requirements. Even though the tender of Enviro contained lowest bidding and attractive features it cannot be accepted by the University since it was not deposited in the tender box. Besides, contractual position for the University with respect to the three tenders is not legally binding since it has not been accepted however, successful tender of Plant Forever could not be reached to the supplier due to disgruntled worker. Hence, the acceptance of tender by the Plant Forever could not be established and the contractual position on the University cannot be formed as per Australian Common Law. According to the provisions of Australian Common Law, acceptance and delivery of correspondence should be done during the proceedings of administrative stating the required details. It has been mentioned under section 37(4) and (5) of Administrative Procedure Code, the correspondence should be submitted by affixing the legal stamp and placing the intimation of its delivery to the concerned person. However, in case the correspondence is submitted through legal person and the data box of the entity does not require a signature to validate the correspondence document (Martinsuo and Sariola 2015). In the given case study, Footloose Pty placed the notice in the Daily newspaper on October 1 with respect to the subject Special Shoes Special Discounts. It stated the product details along with the description, design and price of the products including the inquiry details of sales manager, Simone. On October 2, one of the footwear designers Famous Footwear delivered a correspondence to accept the offer of the organization for 500 pairs at $2000 per hundred while the delivery details intimated to be sent later. Further, a shoe retailer, James submitted the correspondence to the organization to accept the offer for 2000 pairs of footwear at the best price $30,000 including the charges of GST and delivery. In view of the response for the offer, sales manager of Footloose replied to the shoe retailer, James on October 6 for accepting the order of 2000 pairs at $30,000 but excluding the delivery charges along with the form of payment through cash or cheque mode. Accordingly, the concern ed retailer responded to the sales manager on October 8 to arrange a meeting in order to confirm the deal while Simone, the sales manager confirmed the order and delivery date of footwear on 10 October. Considering the principles and regulations of Australian Common Law, it can be said that the validity of the contract between the supplier and buyer occurs only on the acceptance of the offer with the written consent. Further, it is essential to incorporate all the necessary details with respect to product details, order quantity and price along with the date of delivery (Cortina, Khler and Nielsen 2015). In order to legally enforce a contract between the parties it is important to form the contract as the capacity to enter the contract as well as with the intention to form legal relations among the suppliers and buyers. Similarly, submission of correspondence requires compliance of certain regulations to establish the authenticity of the documents and offers made through the correspondence. For instance, in case of public limited company, a correspondence affixing of signature by two directors is mandatory while in case of private companies it is not relevant if the same is deposite d in the data box. In the decided case of Daniels Corp v ACCC it had been contended that the substantive law should be placed for the production of documents to sustain appropriate communications to confirm the trade offers. Accordingly, it is important to provide acceptance to validate the correspondence that can be delivered either through postal service or through electronic modes along with the confirmation on it acceptance. It had been stated that the validity on the confirmation of correspondence could be made through public announcement provided the matter of the correspondence is not confidential (Tan and Chintakananda 2016). Therefore, in case of correspondence presented by the buyers for the products of Footloose Ltd should be as per the organizational requirement including the date of delivery and date of response. With respect to the correspondence provided by the Famous Footwear on October 2, the organization responded against the notice of Footloose Pty to accept the offer. The correspondence stated the product details, quantity and respective price structure while the delivery details stated to be sent later. Since there is no information on the date of delivery of products until 10 Octobe r, it cannot be said that the offer has been accepted. In order to consider the legal effect of the correspondence it is important to provide all the relevant details of products in response to the acceptance of the suppliers offer (Gerasymenko, De Clercq and Sapienza 2015). Therefore, in case of Famous Footwear, the correspondence had no legal effect since the date and other detail of product delivery was not mentioned. On the contrary, correspondence occurred between Footloose and James, the shoe retailer considered to have a legal effect since the document presented all the relevant information and details along with the confirmation on delivery date of the products. Employment in the organizations is regulated by the employment contract as provided under the Australian Common Law, which states the relationship between the employer and employee along with other employment terms and conditions. It states the service conditions with respect to the period of employment, remuneration package including perquisites and leaves, requirement on reasonable notice period along with the policy on change of workplace as per the management requirements. The contract also involves the clause on modification on terms of employment contract if the same is required to do so with respect to the service length, professional standing, job mobility, seniority level or job termination (John, Knyazeva and Knyazeva 2015). In the given case study, employment contract was established between Richard Anderson and Cube Laboratory Pty Ltd. who was one of the talented chemists in the organization. It has been stated that under the employment and guidance of Richard, the company received several grants and government contracts and experienced success in conducting business activities. It had been mentioned that Richard was under five- year contract, which was expiring on June 30 while he received information on another chemist job with the rival lab. As per the requirement of the proposed job, Richard would need to relocate to a new place along with the family while the old job was convenient but the period of employment was about to expire. However, on discussion for continuation and modification of contract between Cube and Richard it was assumed that the period of employment would be extended by the company and therefore, Richard dropped the job offer from rival lab. Besides, on 25 June Cube company refus ed to modify the employment contract due to liquidity issues resulting in consideration of labor and employees turnover from the company. In view of the principles and regulations of Australian Common Law, the contract on employment should be in written form specifying the necessary details and clauses on employment terms. In case of modification of employment tenure with the organization, there must be modification clause in the contract while the modification should be mentioned in writing (Brown and Dolan 2016). In case of Richards employment, extension of employment tenure was not mentioned orally nor it was mentioned in writing by Cube Ltd. Response of Warren to Richard was merely on his achievement and talent which was assumed to be the extension of employment contract for another five years. Moreover, in case the previous contract contains the clause on extension of service or employment period then that can be considered by Richard to claim for the losses as per the decided case of Lau v Bob Jane T- Marts Pty Ltd (2004). Whereas loss on certain amount of salary from undertaking new job can be considered as an o pportunity cost for which the organization cannot be held liable unless it is specifically mentioned in the contract (Acharya, Baghai and Subramanian 2014). Accordingly, it can be concluded that Richard has no legal rights to claim the damages against Cube because there was no written consent. The employment contract is required to contain the clause on eligibility of claim against the loss on remuneration or other payments due to termination of employment term. Hence, if the old contract contains any particular clause on reimbursement of loss due to employment termination then Richard can avail the claim on loss. Reference List and Bibliography Acharya, V.V., Baghai, R.P. and Subramanian, K.V., 2014. Wrongful discharge laws and innovation.Review of Financial Studies,27(1), pp.301-346. Brown, L.A. and Dolan, C., 2016. Employment Contracting Basics for the Nurse Practitioner.The Journal for Nurse Practitioners,12(2), pp.e45-e51. Cortina, J.M., Khler, T. and Nielsen, B.B., 2015. Restriction of variance interaction effects and their importance for international business research.Journal of International Business Studies,46(8), pp.879-885. Distinto, I., dAquin, M. and Motta, E., 2016. LOTED2: An ontology of European public procurement notices.Semantic Web,7(3), pp.267-293. Garrity, E., 2016. A New Chapter in Antitrust Law: The Second Circuit's Decision in United States v. Apple Determines Hub-and-Spoke Conspiracy Per Se Illegal.Boston College Law Review,57(6), p.84. Gerasymenko, V., De Clercq, D. and Sapienza, H.J., 2015. Changing the business model: Effects of venture capital firms and outside CEOs on portfolio company performance.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), pp.79-98. Griffith, D.A. and Zhao, Y., 2015. Contract Specificity, Contract Violation, and Relationship Performance in International Buyer-Supplier Relationships.Journal of International Marketing,23(3), pp.22-40. Issa, M.R., 2015. Damages and Compensation in Case of Breach of Contract.International Journal of Social Science Research,3(1), pp.190-201. John, K., Knyazeva, A. and Knyazeva, D., 2015. Employee rights and acquisitions.Journal of Financial Economics,118(1), pp.49-69. Karl, C., 2015. Construction Giant-A Multi-Purpose Business Game for Education and Training in the Construction Industry.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,42. Martinsuo, M. and Sariola, R., 2015. Developing a suppliers third-party relationships and cooperation in project networks.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,8(1), pp.74-91. Sternlight, J.R., 2015. Disarming Employees: How American Employers are Using Mandatory Arbitration to Deprive Workers of Legal Protection.Brooklyn Law Review,80. Tan, B.R. and Chintakananda, A., 2016. The effects of home country political and legal institutions on firms' geographic diversification performance.Global Strategy Journal,6(2), pp.105-123. Taussig, M. and Delios, A., 2015. Unbundling the effects of institutions on firm resources: The contingent value of being local in emerging economy private equity.Strategic Management Journal,36(12), pp.1845-1865. Woerner, S. and Wixom, B.H., 2015. Big data: extending the business strategy toolbox.Journal of Information Technology,30(1), pp.60-62. Wright, J.D., 2015. The Supreme Court Should Grant Certiorari in FTC v. McWane.McWane (December 21, 2015).

Juvenile Crime Analysis Essay Example For Students

Juvenile Crime Analysis Essay One of the biggest problems which the United States is faced with isjuvenile crime. The reason experts feel juveniles commit crimes is because ofrisk factors when they were younger but experts still have not found the mainreason why juveniles commit crimes. Some risk factors associated with juvenilecrime are poverty, repeated exposure to violence, drugs, easy access to firearms,unstable family life and family violence, delinquent peer groups, and mediaviolence. Especially the demise of family life, the effect of the media on thejuveniles today, and the increase of firearms available today have played a bigrole in the increase of juveniles crimes. The most common risk factor is the demise of the family life and theincrease in family violence. Between 1976 and 1992 the number of juvenilesliving in poverty grew 42% and this caused an increase in crimes by juveniles. Many of these juvenile criminals have been abused or neglected and they alsogrew up in a single-parent household. Research has found that 53% of thesechildren are more likely to be arrested, and 38% more likely to commit a violentcrime as an adult, then their counterparts who did not suffer such abuse. Thesymptoms of child abuse are high levels of aggression and antisocial behaviorand these children are twice as likely to become juvenile offenders. Alsoimproper parental care has been linked to delinquency such as mothers who drinkalcohol or take drugs during pregnancy cause their babies to grow up withlearning disorders, a problem which leads them to be juvenile criminals. Another risk factor is the effect of the media on the juveniles of today. Before the time a child has reached seventh grade, the average child haswitnessed 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence on the television. Thereis no doubt that heavy exposure to televised violence is one of the causes ofaggressive behavior, crime and violence in society. Television violence affectsyoungsters of all ages, of both genders, at all economic levels, and all levelsof intelligence. Long-term childhood exposure to television is a casual factorbehind one half of the homicides committed by juveniles in the United States. The increased availability of guns has played a big part in escalatingthe number of crimes committed by juveniles. In Los Angeles juveniledelinquency cases involving weapon violation grew by 86% from 1988 to 1992,which was more then any other type of juvenile offense. According to aUniversity of Michigan study found that 270,000 guns accompany secondary schoolstudents to class daily. This is startling because it shows how many morejuveniles are carrying guns and the juvenile use of guns in homicides hasincreased from 65 to 80 percent from 1987 to 1991. The possession of firearms plays a big cause in the delinquency ofchildren and is playing a bigger role in the crimes which juveniles commit. Another cause of the increase of juvenile crimes has been the effect of childrenseeing multiple murders and other acts of violence on the television. Finallythe demise of the family life and the increase in family violence has been thebiggest factor in the increase of juvenile crime. Category: Law

Sample Revision Essays - Use Research Papers For Your Essay

Sample Revision Essays - Use Research Papers For Your EssayWhen you are required to write a review or sample revision essay, you are in the market for writing supplies. This is not the type of essay that you can just use as is; you need to be prepared to make the revisions needed in order to write your review well. One of the tips that I have found helpful is to make sure that you have the correct research materials.Before you begin writing a sample revision essay, make sure that you have your basic writing supplies on hand. It is important to have a pen and paper so that you can write down some of the ideas that you will be looking at during the course of the essay. You should also have a notebook paper so that you can jot down some of the ideas that you come across while you are writing. When you have all of these items, you will be ready to write the research materials that you will need for your essay.If you are currently not using any of the standard essay supplies, then you sho uld definitely start considering getting some of the supplies that you will need to write a sample revision essay. Some of the most essential things that you will need are: a business card, a piece of copy paper, a letter opener, a tape measure, and a pen. These supplies will give you everything that you need in order to complete the rest of the task.When you are looking for research papers to rewrite, you will want to take a look at sample revision essays that are available on the Internet. The best thing about using these resources is that they have a variety of different writing assignments that you can use. You can get started right away with one of the revision essays that is available, and then you can get back to work on the next one as soon as you finish the first one.While you are doing your research, you will want to make sure that you purchase all of the writing supplies that you need. There are plenty of other writing resources out there, but when you are already startin g to work on the sample essay, you should make sure that you have everything that you need so that you will be able to finish the assignment before you even start it. The fact is that this is a very important task that you should plan on doing, and you should not get in the way of making sure that you are going to be able to complete it properly.In addition to writing supplies, you will also want to make sure that you have the papers that you are going to use to help you with your sample revision essay. While you will be doing most of the writing, you will still need to find something to use when you need a reference. These papers will be invaluable in helping you to complete the essay that you are working on.If you want to review a sample essay that you have written, then you should always keep an old version of the essay on hand. This is especially important if you have already rewritten the paper and found that it did not work out well. In order to avoid any rewrites or revisions , you should keep the essay that you have written on hand so that you can look over the entire composition when you need to review it.One last tip that you should consider is to never get too hung up on rewriting until you have gone through your entire essay. You may think that you are rewriting something when really, you are just revising. You should never rewrite an essay, if you are not going to rewrite it from scratch. Rewriting should only be used as a stopgap until you have finished the whole project, and this will help you to avoid repeating work that you have already done.

Written by Scripps for the School Magazine free essay sample

Newspaper Article- Written by Scripps for the school magazine. Outstanding! Our Oxbridge Boys Elevate The School! So how can you do the same? So it’s final! Congratulations! The boys of Cutlers’ Grammar school have finally made their headmaster the happiest man in Sheffield after eight of Cutlers’ most influential students make the grade and earn themselves a place at Oxbridge. They are the first of their kind in the history of the school and are they proud? The answer lies firmly with the pleased-as-punch headmaster. For now, the school sits securely at the top of the league tables, right where it was intended to be. An outstanding performance all round has seen an 100% success rate of all of Mr Hector, Mr Irwin’s and Mrs Lintott’s students furthering their education and getting themselves into University. Even the unlikeliest of boys made the grade. So how did they achieve such a difficult challenge set to them by the school? Was luck on their side? Maybe the pressure from both teachers and other students is to blame. We will write a custom essay sample on Written by Scripps for the School Magazine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How about the boy’s intelligence itself? Or maybe even God. Whatever the answer is, it’s clear that the boy’s entry into Oxbridge for the first time in all of Cutlers’ history should not just be a one off. Education itself is like a religion. You only get out what you put in. It’s fair to say that some take it seriously, while others don’t. The pressure to succeed is enough to make you rebel and the influences along the way are bound to affect the choices and decisions you take along the way. The teachers themselves are committed to the students, desperately trying to make their education worthwhile†¦. or are they? The teachers of the school play a vital part in the development and contribution an individual student makes to the school. Mr Hector, the boy’s English teacher has a very controversial attitude towards teaching. It is very much a cultural learning experience. Deemed inappropriate by some, it is clear that whatever Hector equips these boys with, certainly works. Mr Hector is adamant on teaching the boy’s life skills, which they can take with them beyond university. He acts as more of a tour guide, if you will, into the unknown world that exists beyond education. Certainly being able to quote poetry and speak fluent French is something to be proud of, but will this help you get into university? It makes us ask the question: What is better for the boys: thoughtfulness or intelligence? Hector isn’t against the intelligence the boys possess, just that is be used in an appropriate way and not so structured. Learn from the wise Mr Hector a life beyond grades and the syllabus. In contrast to this, we introduce the ever modern Mr Irwin. Now the youngest teacher of the school, Irwin was bought in to coach the students for the entrance exams and encourages them to see a different angle to education. Making the boys think outside the box is the key here, but with the upmost of tactics. Liberal in his interpretations, Irwin encourages the boys to look at their work in a provocative way. Not overly encouraging or tactile as a teacher himself, Irwin’s confusing and sometimes frustrating methods really encourage the boys to think. Having been through the same process as the boys barely years before sees him as the most likely to sympathise with the boys. Differing greatly to Hector, Irwin has a set purpose and structure about him. Whilst both startling and thought provoking teaching methods links the teachers; they couldn’t be more different if they tried. It is important the gain knowledge from Irwin and life lessons from Hector in order to be successful into Oxbridge and indeed into life. So where do they get the cold hard facts from? How do the boys actually learn the subject in hand, without being controversial? The answer lies in Mrs Lintott, the most competent teacher; the boys A-Level History grades reflect this. Always to the point, her lessons do exactly what is asked of them. Immensely structured and ridged, the boys learn nothing but what is asked of them. No need to be elaborate or thought provoking, Mrs Lintott teaches the boys what they need and sees no reason to be otherwise. In contrast to both Irwin and Hector, Mrs Lintott holds her own and needs no bells or whistles to do so, the real foundation of learning. As the new students start the new term with a team of varied teaching styles behind them, what could go wrong? There is something for everyone at Cutlers school for boys. However, when all is said and done, the new boys cannot rely on the teachers to mould them into the people they become, nor can they give them the desire to achieve. The new boys must possess a desire to do well, whatever the teachers say or do. There are a certain number of recommendations for a boy to enter Oxbridge: by being intelligent, impressionable, religious, musically gifted or sporty. It’s best to try and be at least three of those things in order to glean whether or not you are an Oxbridge candidate. Whatever your religion, or aspiration is, focus on what you believe in and it will all become suitable in the end. Always have a goal, a point in which you want to reach. Decide what is important to you and build on that. Success is just a word, until you make it a reality. Individually, the boys least likely to fail are the ones who absorb all that is given to them. Is there any chance the new boys could achieve the same amount of success?

The Relative Uncertainty Formula and How to Calculate It

The Relative Uncertainty Formula and How to Calculate It The relative uncertainty or relative error  formula is used to calculate the uncertainty of a measurement compared to the size of the measurement. It is calculated as: relative uncertainty absolute error / measured value If a measurement is taken with respect to a standard or known value, calculate as follows: relative uncertainty absolute error / known value Absolute error is the range of measurements in which the true value of a measurement likely lies. While absolute error carries the same units as the measurement, relative error has no units or else is expressed as a percent. Relative uncertainty is often represented using the lowercase Greek letter delta, ÃŽ ´. The importance of relative uncertainty is that it puts error in measurements into perspective. For example, an error of /- 0.5 cm may be relatively large when measuring the length of your hand, but very small when measuring the size of a room. Examples of Relative Uncertainty Calculations Three 1.0 gm weights are measured at 1.05 g, 1.00 g, and 0.95 g. The absolute error is  ± 0.05 g.The relative error (ÃŽ ´) of your measurement is 0.05 g/1.00 g 0.05 or 5%. A chemist measured the time required for a chemical reaction and found the value to be 155 /- 0.21 hours. The first step is to find the absolute uncertainty: absolute uncertainty 0.21 hoursrelative uncertainty Δt / t 0.21 hours / 1.55 hours 0.135 The value 0.135 has too many significant digits, so it is shortened (rounded) to 0.14, which can be written as 14% (by multiplying the value times 100%). The relative uncertainty (ÃŽ ´) in the measurement for the reaction time is: 1.55 hours /- 14% Sources   Golub, Gene, and Charles F. Van Loan. Matrix Computations – Third Edition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.Helfrick, Albert D., and William David Cooper. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques. Prentice Hall, 1989.

Complete work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Complete work - Essay Example For the few women who owned businesses, and were married â€Å"in manu† (meaning their husbands were in control of them), the groom together with his family was in charge of all the woman’s possessions. This law prevented women from owning anything they earned with the inclusion of her inheritance and dowry (Kidner, 2014). Women almost had no say in the ‘manus’ marriage and what the husband said was the last word on all the matters. I believe that if the women were given the opportunity to own property in the manus marriage, their families would have benefited more, as there would be two providers. In politics, women could not support their husbands in privacy and not in the public. Their public role was to attend to the traditional activities of household chores. At home they could weave, spin yarn in order to make clothes for their families (Kidner, 2014). If women had a say in politics and even participated in things like voting, most of the empire probl ems would be unheard of and the empire governed in a much better way. Women were also made to think that their role was to sit pretty at home, nurture their children and heed to their husband's decisions. Unlike today's society, fathers chose husbands for their daughters and girls got married at the legal age of 12 years (Kidner, 2014). Fathers allowing their daughters to become of age and then get married to the men of their choice would have resulted in decreasing the number of divorces as well as sexual promiscuity. The male dominance in the Roman Empire was a great influence on how women led their lives. The men were the determinants of what was good or bad for the women. They suppressed the voice of the women who only had an option of doing that which their husbands or fathers demanded from them. Their opinions did not matter and therefore were in no way an influence to the social norms nor the political attributes in the empire. This did not stop the women but they raised high above the norms and laws and managed to change their world. This persuasive paper shows how women changed some of the social factors of the Roman Empire. Women in the Roman Empire may not have had any political office or any voting rights but made great contributions in religion. They did this amidst the fact that they could not stand for their rights. Women always had to serve under a male figure, be it a husband or a father. Men dominated in the social field and politics but the amazing thing is that they were not a great influence on religion. As it was customary, the women took care of the homestead’s shrines, altars, and offering daily prayers. They would perform the necessary rituals to keep the household gods appeased. The Romans believed that these gods, when women appeased them, would live in harmony with the family. The appeased spirits would protect the home and family from any harm and so the women had to pay attention to how well they kept the gods. However, thi s changed over time as women became goddesses and there are coins present in the empire that have images of these goddesses. Helena was the woman who saw it that Christianity was the foundation of the Roman Empire (Winter, 2003). The chauvinistic male society made it clear that only males would assess education. Women, as per

Reading assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading assignment - Essay Example In The Abolition of Man, C.S Lewis uses the example of The Green Book and its authors Gaius and Titius which is meant to provide English education for children (Lewis). Gaius and Titius basically created the following proposition, according to C.S. Lewis: â€Å"firstly, that all sentences containing a predicate of value are statements about the emotional state of the speaker, and secondly, that all such statements are unimportant†(Lewis). To Lewis, this is unacceptable and goes against the natural moral law as it teaches â€Å"the belief that all emotions aroused by local association are in themselves contrary to reason and contemptible†(Lewis). This means that a large part of the learning process in studying literature is being able to understand and interpret the emotions conveyed by the author of a piece. In turn, not being able to comprehend the emotional aspect or associating the emotions with something negative or of little merit, students are losing the lessons i n ethics, morals, and philosophy that often are interwoven with literature. By taking the emphasis off of this type of examination, the study of English and literature becomes much more scientific, clinical, and empty. Many of the important moral and philosophical lessons comes from literature and by threatening to take this aspect out of books or by placing less emphasis on it, the education system is not supporting the high morality that has existed in the Western hemisphere. Without this support, the moral and philosophical nature of the Western culture will further deteriorate and there will be a plethora of unreasonable citizens in its wake. C.S. Lewis continues his argument for natural moral law with providing evidence that society has lost objective truth and morality. According to Lewis: â€Å"Their skepticism about values is on the surface: it is for use on other peoples values; about the values current in their own set they are not

The Purpose and Objectives of Annual Reports

The Purpose and Objectives of Annual Reports The literature review section talks about the background of research being undertaken. It provides an illustration about the importance of the different sections of the annual reports and the qualitative characteristics of information that make it useful for users of accounting information. Hence, it outlines on the previous research done on the study of annual reports and the importance of annual reports to users who have a reasonable knowledge in business, economics and accounting. The main purpose of annual reports The purpose of the annual report is to inform shareholders as to the financial status of a company. Coy and Pratt (1998) conclude that the annual report serve as a communication tool and determines the reality of the organization in the public mind. However for this reality to be recognized, it depends on the quality of information provided in the annual reports. Annual reports are extremely significant sources of company information (Stanga,1976). Furthermore studies by Chang and Most (1985) and Hawkins and Hawkins (1985) concluded that even though individual investors do not find the annual report useful in decision making and do not meet their information needs, still the annual report is the document used as reference for investors and managers. Though annual report is not the only source of information for a company, as in New Zealand newspapers and magazines were also found as a source of information, nevertheless the annual report is considered to be an important resource due to its large reporting and availability. Therefore the fundamental aims of preparing financial reports are for decision making and accountability. Accountability Annual reports are considered as the main accountability mechanism. In 1975, the American Accounting Association (AAA) defined the purpose of accounting as to provide information for making useful economic decisions and which, if provided will increase social welfare. Thus annual report can be one tool for communicating economic information to allow update decisions and judgements by users. According to Stanton and Stanton (2002) the annual report uses the tools of management, marketing and communication theory to construct a picture of the organization. Thus, annual report is a tool for a firm to classify its accountability for managing and controlling business activities. Moreover, a number of researchers (Winfield, 1978; Chang and Most, 1985; Boyne and Law, 1991), have noted the importance of annual reports as a vehicle releasing accountability. Furthermore accountability is involved in the monitoring, evaluation and control of organizational agents to make sure that they perform in the welfare of shareholders and other stakeholders (Keasey and wright,1993). It can be classified as a requirement for one party to another party for its performance over certain time. In short, accountability is simply a must to report upon as it gives an extent to which an entity has met its responsibilities towards its owners and to fulfill this role, financial reports should reflect the nature and extent of performance that are related to the entity. Moreover accountability requires broadening the capacity of disclosure beyond the financial focus to ensure that adequate and meaningful qualitative information is also contained in the annual report. Besides, the owners of the companies, the shareholders, have a right to know what actions and what developments are taking place within the organization. Thus, the organizations are accountable to its shareholders and the annual report plays a great role in conveying the firms performances to them. Decision making As per IAS 1, the financial statements objective is to offer and inform the performance and the evolution of the financial situation, that could be helpful to a wide range of potential users for evaluating and making economic decisions .It is further claimed that, when the general purpose of financial reports meet this objective, they will also enable entities to discharge accountability. Consequently the first aim of the Trueblood Report is the provision of information for economic decision making is being interpreted as being the primary function of financial statements. Hence financial reports should seek to satisfy the information needs of users. In 1989, the Solomons Report, commissioned by the ICAEW (1989) reaffirmed that decision usefulness is the fundamental aim of financial reporting. Financial reports should provide information that will be accommodating to several users who have interest in financial performance and making decisions about investing and lending. Gray (1994, pp9), have proved that accounting literature is presently dominated by the idea of decision usefulness which mean that financial reporting will have to be maintained in order to meet the need of all users of accounting information. It is seen that nowadays there has been a rise in the users of accounting information for decision making hence objectives of annual reports are regarded as the major means by which companies distribute information to the external users (Firth, 1979). OBJECTIVES OF ANNUAL REPORTS According to FASB the main goals of annual reports can be classified in three parts: Objectives for making potential economic decisions; Objective of providing information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an entity; Objectives for presenting and disclosing of information. Hence it is the attributes of the qualitative characteristics that make accounting information to be useful in annual reports. Characteristics of accounting information The quality of the information provided in annual reports determines the usefulness of those reports to users. FASB and the IASB propose that if Financial Statement setters study the standards and qualitative features in the process of preparation of financial statements only then the financial station would give the true and fair view. Many researchers like (Alford et al. 1993, Amir et al. 1993, Banyopadhyay et al. 1994, Harris et al. 1994, Joos and Lang 1994, Barth and Clinch 1996, Joos 1997, Lewitt 1998 and Pope and Walker 1999) had conduct studies with the aim to identify higher quality as it is related to the ability of financial statements to pass useful information to the users. Hendriksen and Van Breda (1992, P.123), has described qualitative characteristics as components of accounting information which lean to improve its usefulness. The Corporate Report of the Accounting Standards Steering Committee, Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), (1975) has identified seven qualitative characteristics viewed as desirable to make the annual reports useful: relevance; understandability; reliability; completeness; objectivity; comparability; timeliness. Relevance Relevance refers to the capacity of information to influence the decision making process of users. The Solomons Report (1989) has emphasized on this point: Relevance must come first, for if information is irrelevant, it does not matter what other qualities it has. FASB Concepts Statement 2,says in paragraph 27, to be relevant accounting information must be able to make a difference in a decision by facilitating users to form predictions about the result of past, present and future events. It also proposed that there is a trade-off between relevance and reliability that is accounting information should be both relevant and reliable. A number of research by Stanga (1980), and Mores and Duncan (1988) have already been conducted to deal with the issue of relevance and reliability and that optimistic association exists between the two, with minimum levels of reliability necessary to achieve relevance. UNDERSTANDABILITY Understandability is viewed as a user-specific property in the FASB model. Information cannot be useful to decision makers who cannot understand it, even though it may otherwise be relevant to a decision and be reliable. Information is understandable when users will be able to reasonably grasp its meaning. Thus useful information should be capable of being understood by users with reasonable knowledge of business and accounting and the way information is presented in annual reports. In addition, researchers like Subramanian, Insley, and Blackwell (1993), had evaluated the relationship between the performance of companies and the readability of their annual reports, concluding that the annual reports of companies that done well were easier to read than those of companies that did not perform well. RELIABILITY Reliability involves the completeness of information. Information is reliable when it is free from material error and bias and can be depended upon by users to signify faithfully. FASB has also concluded that verifiability is a major factor of reliability. Verifiability is the ability through consensus among measurers to guarantee that information represents what it purports to represent. It also focuses on whether a particular basis of measurement is properly pertained, rather than on whether it is appropriate. While Lev and Thiagarajan (1991) , got proof that the market does not retort to certain balance sheet information results of other studies suggested that it may wait until the balance sheet information shows up in future earnings which make accounting information more verifiable and reliable. COMPLETENESS Good Accounting information is complete when it provides all its potential users with all the required information that are vital to fulfill their needs and requirements. Moreover reported information in annual reports should provide a complete image of the activities of the organization. Completeness is also when all transactions and events that should have been recorded have been recorded and classified properly. It also assumed that there will be no error of omission in the information. Thus information in the financial reports must be complete within the bounds of materiality and cost is a vital element of faithful representation. OBJECTIVITY According to Hines (1991), it is in the benefit of accounting profession to publicly produce information that is objective. Financial information being objective means it should be free from bias in accounting decisions and shall be a measurement of having supporting proof. In other words together with objectivity, information should be both reliable and uniform. COMPARABILITY Comparability is the quality of information that allows users to identify similarities in and differences between two sets of economic phenomena. Moreover compliance with accounting standards helps to attain comparability. Thus, information about an entity gains more importance if it can be contrasted with similar information about other entities and with similar information about the same entity for some other period or some other point in time. Comparability is different from consistency because comparability is the goal while consistency is a means to achieve that goal. Users must be informed of the accounting policies used in the preparation of financial statements, any changes in those policies and the effects of those changes. However it is argued that any consideration of comparability must come after relevance and faithful representation. As noted by Sterling, Robert, R (1985), Comparability alone cannot make information relevant. TIMELINESS Timeliness is considered an ancillary aspect of relevance. Timeliness is about having relevant information available sooner before it loses capacity to influence decisions. Kross and Schroeder, (1984), indicated that the timeliness of annual reports is relative to the abnormal return around the release date of reports, corporations that released their annual reports earlier held higher cumulative abnormal returns than that of later releases. Researchers like Dyer Iv, and McHugh (1975),Whittred (1980) and Dwyer, and Wilson (1989), found that timeliness is affected by factors reporting lag such as auditing opinion, profitability and company size. Therefore the use of technology may enhance position of all users and improve regularity of timeliness with which information is received. In addition to the qualitative characteristics mentioned above, there is two more qualities proposed in the accounting literature which is essential; they are faithful representation and materiality. FAITHFUL REPRESENTATION Faithful representation is attained when information is representing faithfully the transactions and other actions it either claims to represent or could reasonably be expected to represent. However faithful representation does not mean total freedom from error in the representation of an economic phenomenon because economic phenomenon presented in financial reports is normally evaluated under conditions of uncertainty. Thus, to attain a faithful representation, it sometimes may be essential to clearly disclose the degree of uncertainty in the reported financial information. MATERIALITY Materiality does not involve only relevance but also faithful representation. Information is material if it could persuade users decisions taken on the basis of the annual reports. Materiality depends on the nature and amount of the item in case of omission or misstatement. It forms the threshold for recognition of information and only material information is contained in the annual reports. According to SEC (1999), is a symmetric in emphasizing that small misstatements may be material for qualitative reasons but SAB 99 is silent on whether, and when, a quantitatively large error could be immaterial, (Taub 2007). Thus, many registrants and practitioners consider that this guidance prevents judging quantitatively large misstatements to be immaterial. COMPONENTS OF ANNUAL REPORTS The annual report encloses a huge amount of information about a company. As formal communication documents the annual reports also contains quantitative information, narratives, photographs and graphs. There have been several survey-based studies in accounting conducted that the annual reports is useful source of information (e.g., Briggs, 1975; Lee and Tweedie, 1975, 1976,1981; Anderson and Epstein, 1995; Abu Baker and Naser 2000; Ho and Wong 2004). Ho and Wong (2004) conducted a research in Hong Kong and concluded that annual reports are consisted of high value of information in comparison to other sources, even though the respondents are not fully satisfied with the amount of information disclosed. Thus in Mauritius, the section 221 of the CA 01 specifies the contents of an annual report. Hence it includes the following: Chairmans Report Lee and Tweedie (1975), Barlett and Chander, 1997, p.246 found that the most common read sections of the annual reports is the chairmans statement .This was attributed to the simplicity of the chairmans report, which clarifies the more technical information, contained in other parts of the report. On the other hand, Wilton and Tabb(1978) surveyed about 300 shareholders and concluded that the chairmans report was the most widely read followed by the income statement. However, Barlett and Chander have also disclosed that the majority of respondents in their sample desired less information in the form of a summary report rather than the annual report itself. Directors Report The Directors report supply useful information to investors about the activities of the company, the dividend policy and information about the decision makers of the company. Anderson (1998) spot out that despite majority of investors found the basic financial statements to be most valuable, the most thoroughly items read in the annual report are the directors report. Lee and Tweedie (1975) found that the executives report was of great to less importance, over one-third of the respondents believed the directors report to be of no value. Corporate Governance Report Corporate governance (CG) has been a foremost policy issue in developed market economies for more than a decade. Hashim (2009) defines CG as a combination of processes and structures conducted by the board of directors to authorize, direct and oversee management towards the achievement of the organizations objectives. The Report on Corporate Governance for Mauritius, states that companies that are listed on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius shall abide to all provision of the code and there should be a separate corporate governance section in the annual report. Dividend policy, Directors profile and going concern of the corporate governance report might be useful to user of accounts. Shareholders will attain valuable information about the amount and timing for payment of dividends declared by the company. On the other hand the disclosure of the qualifications and experience of the board members is useful to investors as such information specify that people with required experience, qualifications and integrity are managing the company hence it boost up the confidence of shareholders. Cohen, Krishnamoorthy and Wright (2004) recommend that CG can be one of the main functions in ensuring the quality of financial reporting. Auditors Report The auditors are required to report to the shareholders of the company as to whether in their opinion the financial statements have been prepared accordingly with the accounting standards and whether they give a true and fair view of the transactions of the company. The fundamental aspects of an Auditors report are set by ISA 700-The Auditors Report on Financial Statements. This ISA gives guidance on the type and content of the auditors report as a result of an audit carry out. The auditors report was the most understandable section of the annual report while the balance sheet was the forth (Nasser and Rutherfords 1996). Hence it is useful to users of accounts as it offers assurance that the users are making economic decisions based on reliable information. However, Bartlett and Chandler (1997) found that the auditors report was read the least by individual shareholders. Corporate social responsibilities (CSR) CSR can be described as the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organisations economic actions to particular interest groups within society (Gray et al 1996 p.3). Corporate social disclosure is referred as the provision of financial and non financial information that intend to discharge social accountability of an organisation (Gray et al 1987).Gelb and Strawser (2001) states that CSR disclosure is a form of socially responsible behaviour, thus by providing more information to the public will help companies to meet their responsibilities towards their stakeholders in a better manner. However research studies have shown that most users use the information of financial statements for financially based decisions. IAS 1, of IASB, 2004: (para.7) states that the objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. So the financial statements are made as follows: Statement of financial position Statement of comprehensive income Statement of changes in equity Statement of cash flow Notes to the accounts Statement of financial position This statement provides a snapshot summary of what a business owns or is owed-assets-and what it owes-liabilities-at a particular date thus it is referred as a statement of net worth. It shows how solvent a business is, how liquids its assets are and how much capital is being spent. It also consists of non-current assets, current assets, capital and reserves, non-current liabilities and current liabilities. The non-current can be classified as assets that are not quickly and easily realizable, and current assets are assets that can be readily convertible into cash within a short time. Furthermore share capital represents amount receives in respect of shares issued by a particular company, non-current liabilities and current liabilities are obligations that are not aimed to be liquidated within a year and one that are expected to be settled within one year respectively. Statement of comprehensive income The main purpose of the comprehensive income statement is to report a companys earnings over some pointing period of time. This statement reflects the companys revenues, expenses and earnings; it gives information about the financial performance of a company. Users of accounts who are concerned about the profitability can obtain relevant information in the comprehensive income statement and they can make use of ratios to take out information they need therein. Statement of changes in equity IAS 1 requires that companies should prepare a statement of changes in equity to be presented with the same value as the other primary statements. According to Barry and Jamie Elliot this statement is vital because a quantity of gains and losses are required by law or accounting standards to be managed through directly with reserves, so as to prevent the financial statement from being incomplete. The shareholders acquire more information about any changes made to share capital, retained earnings, revaluation reserves, share premium other reserves and to proposed dividends. Sometimes gains and losses may be easily traced by reserve accounting, which permits items to bypass the income statement. Hence the statement of changes in equity provides more transparency in reporting these gains or losses. Statement of cash flow Section 217 of the CA 01 requires all companies to include in their annual report a statement of cash flow and the latter should be prepared in accordance with IAS 7. The purpose of IAS 7 is to include the provision of information about the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of a company by means of a statement of cash flow. Cash flow statement has become useful sources of information for users (Day (1986) and Yap (1997)). Thus cash flows are classifies during a period from: operating activities-the cash effects of transactions concerning trading activities; investing activities-cash flows from the purchase and sales of non-current assets and short term investments; financing activities-involve receipts from or refund to external providers of finance in respect of the primary amount. Notes to the accounts Notes to the accounts can be refers as explanatory notes that accompany the financial statements. These are intended to give further detail of the items appearing in the financial statements, to provide surplus information, to represent attention of related party transactions and to give existence of interest to stakeholders, other than the shareholders. It includes the IAS, concepts, depreciation policies and methods of valuation that an entity has used. Furthermore studies conducted by Anderson (1981), found that the most readable sections of the annual report were seen to be the balance sheet, profit and loss account, notes to the accounts, and the chairmans statement respectively. The comprehensive income statement, however, was seen to be more essential than the balance sheet. However this author failed to carry out any test whether there are major differences between the users usage of annual reports sections and on the other hand observed its importance of those sections. Epstein and Pava (1993) has developed on the work of Epstein (1975) and found that there has been an increased in the importance of annual report as a source of information. Furthermore, they found that the importance of the balance sheet had extended, and that over the same period the perceived usefulness of the income statement had declined. Anderson and Epstein (1995) argued that in Australia they found that the comprehensive income is more useful in making an investment decision rather than the directors report. In this respect the respondents had also demand for simplification and more explanation of the balance sheet, statement of cash flow, and the income statement. In another study by, Abdelsalam (1990ÂÂ ­) it was highlighted that the comprehensive income and information about the future of the company as well as information about directors was seen to be important part of the annual report. Ba-owaidan (1994) also found the profit and loss account to be the most influential part of the annual report followed by the balance sheet but has also concludes that some respondents faced some problems in understanding the contents of the annual reports. The Kruskal Wallis test revealed that the cash flow section was the only section of the annual report that the user groups have significant differences regarding its value. This is not surprising as the findings reported by Lee and Tweedie (1975), Wilton and Tabb (1978) and Yap (1997) for developed countries disclosed that individual and institutional investors have little interest in the cash flow statement and may not rely upon, as they are not a sophisticated group. In New Zealand, Chang and Most (1985), disclosed that newspapers and magazines were the preferred source of information and the comprehensive income statement was found as the main statement in the annual report for decision making. Moreover, Anderson (1979) and Courtis (1982) also found that the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement were regarded as the two most essential statements for decision-making. In addition, Anderson and Epsteins (1997) study revealed that in Australia, New Zealand and US, the comprehensive income and financial position statement were ranked as the most essential items but the cash flow was less important to New Zealand and Australian investors than to US respondents. Moreover, Stephen L.Buzby carried a research in 1974 on the usefulness of annual reports and his aim was to find the perceptions of professional financial analyst on selected items in the annual reports. To summarize Daniels and Daniels (1991) found that information present in financial statements is important and very useful but not sufficient enough to evaluate the financial condition of a company. USERS OF ACCOUNTS According to IASB, financial information is prepared for users, presuming that they have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and a willingness to study the information with reasonable diligence. The different users and their needs are identified below: Investors Investors need information to decide whether they should continue to invest in an entity, to assess whether that particular organization will be able to pay out dividends as well as how the enterprise has been managed. The investors require information about profitability, volumes, sales, amounts invested, assets owned, share price and information about competitors. Epstein and Pava (1993) document that individual investors demand for more financial and non financial information in the annual reports. Shareholders Shareholders are the owners of the company. Thus, they have the right to receive dividends from the companys profit. Information in annual reports is very important to shareholders as profit acts as an indicator of the amount of dividends they ought to obtain. According to Cook and Sutton (1995), companies should prepare summary annual reports based on information requirements of shareholders in order to satisfy their needs. Thus, companies should disclose essential piece of information in a clear and understandable format that will enhance the relevance and value of annual reports in communicating company information to shareholders. Lenders and Financial institutions Lenders such as insurance companies, pension funds use FS information to decide the loan amount, the interest rate and security needed for business loan and they should also make sure whether the company would be able to repay back both the principal amounts and the interests payments. The key accounting information for lenders is therefore: Cash flow Investment requirements in business Thus such information required by lenders is available in the annual report. Employees Employees demand annual report for the stability and profitability of the business. They are interested in information about employment prospects, security of their jobs and retirement benefits. Furthermore, Clark and Craig (1991) conclude that relevant information for investors is also relevant for employees. Government The government group makes use of an annual report for tax purposes. The tax authorities such as the Inland Revenue needs information on the profitability of an entity to levy corporation tax and custom and excise make use of information to check VAT returns. Hence tax authorities use FS information as a source for enhancing social welfare by establishing tax policies. Public The public are usually considered as stakeholders and businesses form part of society at large and as a result create much public interest. Marston and Shrives (1991, pp196), found annual report as the main document available for the public thus is being regarded as the main disclosure vehicle. Moreover despite some improvements has taken place in reporting in recent years, the users groups of annual reports wish to have more information than is currently provided (Abu-Nassar and Rutherford, 1996; Hatif and Al-Zubaidi, 2000; Naser and Nuseibeh, 2003). On the other hand, Dye and Bowsher (1987) concluded that most users seek an annual report to include other information that will enhance their understanding. Hay and Antonio (1990) found that users demand for highly detailed disclosures in annual reports. In addition users want information on future prospects, company products, publication of quarterly reports and management audit reports (Anderson 1981). Furthermore Benston (1976) reported that annual report were the least important source of information compared to financial press and newspaper reports. In summary, results from preceding studies shows that users believed that annual reports is the main sources of information; though each section was not considered as of equal significance. The results also disclose a necessity to establish some changes to the annual reporting that allow the information to be more understandable and sufficient for potential users.